What are hormones?

Explanation
Short sentences, no hard words. Great for kids.
Quick answer

Hormones are chemical messengers. Glands release them into the blood, and they travel to other parts of the body carrying orders like "grow", "sleep", "stay alert" or "store energy". Tap a gland to zoom in on it.

Illustration of the human body showing the glands that make hormones, such as the thyroid and the glands on top of the kidneys
Glands and hormones · illustration by Body Explained
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Drag to turn. Pinch or use the mouse wheel to zoom. Tap a part to see what it does.

Questions people ask

What does the thyroid do?

The thyroid is a butterfly-shaped gland in the neck, just below the Adam’s apple (just a shape comparison). Its hormones set how fast the body uses energy: heart rate, temperature, weight and mood. When it works too little (hypothyroidism) or too much (hyperthyroidism), doctors check with a blood test. It is not shown in this 3D model.

What does the pituitary gland do?

It is called the master gland because it directs the thyroid, adrenals and gonads. It also makes growth hormone and, after birth, helps produce milk.

What is adrenaline?

It is the hormone of fright and excitement. Made in the adrenal glands, it speeds up the heart and breathing and sends more blood to the muscles, getting the body ready to act.

Why does good sleep help you grow?

Because much of the growth hormone is released during deep sleep. And melatonin, made by the pineal gland in the dark, helps keep sleep on schedule. Avoiding screens before bed helps.

Sources

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See also